Prevalence of Burnout in Healthcare Workers of Tertiary-Care Hospitals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey from Two Central European Countries.

COVID-19 has led to an unprecedented strain on healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout in hospital employees during a prolonged pandemic-induced burden on healthcare systems. An online survey among employees of a Czech and Slovak university hospital was conducted between November 2021 and January 2022, approximately when the incidence rates peaked in both countries. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey was applied. We obtained 807 completed questionnaires (75.1% from Czech employees, 91.2% from HCWs, 76.2% from women; mean age of 42.1 ± 11 years). Burnout in emotional exhaustion (EE) was found in 53.2%, depersonalization (DP) in 33%, and personal accomplishment (PA) in 47.8% of respondents. In total, 148 (18.3%) participants showed burnout in all dimensions, 184 (22.8%) in two, and 269 (33.3%) in at least one dimension. Burnout in EE and DP (65% and 43.7%) prevailed in physicians compared to other HCWs (48.6% and 28.8%). Respondents from COVID-19-dedicated units achieved burnout in the EE and DP dimensions with higher rates than non-frontline HCWs (58.1% and 40.9% vs. 49.9% and 27.7%). Almost two years of the previous overloading of healthcare services, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in the relatively high prevalence of burnout in HCWs, especially in physicians and frontline HCWs.

A comparison of emotional wellbeing and burnout of primary care professionals in 2014 and 2021.

Background: Due to the pandemic that started in February-March 2020 and after many years of economic restrictions suffered by our health system, the levels of stress, exhaustion and suffering among health workers has increased. Objective: Our study aims to perform a comparative analysis of the degree of burnout and emotional wellbeing among health professionals between 2014 and 2021. Methods: This is a comparative descriptive study of two cohorts of primary care professionals of the Lleida health region (SPAIN). We have one cohort from 2014 and another from 2021 with the same selection criteria. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) test. Gender, age, professional category and work environment were also evaluated. Results: We obtained a response rate in 2014 of 52.7% (n = 267) and of 41.4% (n = 217) in 2021 with similar sociodemographic characteristics. There are significant differences (p < 0.001) in the three categories of burnout. The high scores for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization have increased, rising between 2014 and 2021 from 23.2 to 60.8% and from 12.4 to 42.4%, respectively. However, there is also a significant increase in high personal accomplishment, rising from 9.0% in 2014 to 26.7%. We have also detected differences depending on age and professional role. Conclusion: This study shows worsening burnout levels of primary care professionals in our region, specifically emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. However, it also shows that during the pandemic, personal accomplishment was reinforced.

Determinants of burnout among nurses and midwives at a tertiary hospital in Ghana: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: This study determined the prevalence and key determinants of burnout among nurses and midwives in Kumasi, Ghana. DESIGN: Hospital-based cross-sectional study. METHOD: A questionnaire was used to obtain data from 391 nurses and midwives at a tertiary hospital in Kumasi, Ghana using simple random sampling. RESULTS: About 84.4% of the participants were females. The majority of the study participants experienced low burnout for all dimensions (58% in emotional exhaustion, 55.5% poor personal accomplishment and 38.3% depersonalization). Multiple regression analysis revealed that high emotional exhaustion was independently predicted by post-graduate education (ß = 6.42, p = .003), lack of support from management (ß = 2.07, p = .024), dislike for leadership style, (ß = 3.54, p < .001) and inadequate number of staff (ß = 2.93, p = .005). Age (ß = 0.35, p = .004), lack of support from management (ß = 1.60, p = .012), and inadequate number of staff (ß = 1.49, p = .034) independently predicted high depersonalisation. Female sex (ß = 4.36, p < .001) and years of practice (ß = -0.26, p < .001) independently predicted low personal accomplishment.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on risk of burn-out syndrome and recovery need among secondary school teachers in Flanders: A prospective study.

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, schools were closed, teachers had to teach from home and after a while, they had to return to the classroom while the pandemic was still on-going. Even before the pandemic, teachers were already more at risk for burn-out syndrome compared to the general population. Furthermore, not much research pertaining to this population has been carried out during the pandemic and so the impact of the pandemic on teachers' risk of burn-out syndrome and recovery need remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to fill this knowledge gap and map out the impact on risk of burn-out syndrome and recovery need at different time points during the pandemic. Methods and findings: At baseline, 2,167 secondary school teachers in Flanders were included in this prospective study. Questionnaire data were obtained at ten different time points between September 2019 and August 2021. To assess risk of burn-out syndrome and its dimensions, the Utrecht Burn-out Scale for Teachers was administered. Need for recovery was assessed using questions adopted from the Short Inventory to Monitor Psychosocial Hazards. The results revealed an initial positive effect of the first lockdown (Mar/Apr 2020) with a decrease in risk of burn-out syndrome [Odds ratio (OR) Jan/Feb 2020-Mar/Apr 2020 = 0.33, p < 0.001], emotional exhaustion (EMM Jan/Feb 2020-Mar/Apr 2020 = -0.51, p < 0.001), depersonalization (EMM Jan/Feb 2020-Mar/Apr 2020 = -0.13, p < 0.001) and recovery need [Estimated marginal mean (EMM) Jan/Feb 2020-Mar/Apr 2020 = -0.79, p < 0.001]. No significant effect on personal accomplishment was found (p = 0.410). However, as the pandemic went on, higher risk of burn-out syndrome, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and recovery need, and lower personal accomplishment were observed. Conclusions: Despite the initial positive impact on risk of burn-out syndrome, its dimensions and recovery need, a negative long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic became visible. This study highlights once again the importance for interventions to reduce teachers' risk of burn-out syndrome, especially in such difficult times as a pandemic.

Quality of Life and Satisfaction from Career and Work-Life Integration of Greek Dentists before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Quality of life (QoL) of dental professionals is a basic parameter of the quality of dental services (QS), a fact well-documented before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in different countries. This study is a comprehensive, cross-sectional survey aimed to explore possible differences in satisfaction from career and work-life integration, as well as QoL in a sample of Greek dentists during the second lockdown in March 2021. Methods: 804 dentists from the vast metropolitan area of Athens and Piraeus selectively responded by completing a self-reported questionnaire based on: the Copenhagen Questionnaire (CQ) for assessing work stress; the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) for evaluating personal accomplishment; and the Quality-of-Life work scale (ProQOL-CSF). Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results: QoL and career satisfaction were significantly diminished during the pandemic. Career satisfaction despite the pandemic was overall influenced in tandem by age (b = 0.427, p = 0.001), marital status (b = 0.276, p = 0.021), and inversely by years of practice (b = -0.330, p = 0.007) and income (b = -0.221, p = 0.015). Satisfaction from the work-life integration was influenced before the pandemic by marital status (b = 0.255 p = 0.013), years of practice (b = -0.371, p = 0.0001), while gender, years of practice, age, higher education, and income played a significant role during the pandemic. QoL was impacted before pandemic by age (b = -1.007, p = 0.001), number of children (b = -1.704, p = 0.018), and higher degree (b = -1.143, p = 0.001), while during the pandemic by gender (b = -0.582, p = 0.002), number of children (b = 0.469, p = 0.037), higher degree (b = 0.279, p = 0.009), and years of practice (b = -0.523, p = 0.0001). Males were more prone to low QoL, and dissatisfaction with career and work-life integration, during the pandemic. Income is a predictor of career satisfaction despite the pandemic. Personal resources through deep human relationships, higher education, beliefs, and values can offer a resilience shield against professional difficulties in periods of unexpected stressful events.

Analysis on Burnout, Job Conditions, Alexithymia, and Other Psychological Symptoms in a Sample of Italian Anesthesiologists and Intensivists, Assessed Just before the COVID-19 Pandemic: An AAROI-EMAC Study.

Background. It was previously reported that health care professionals working in the fields of anesthesiology and emergency are at higher risk of burnout. However, the correlations between burnout, alexithymia, and other psychological symptoms are poorly investigated. Furthermore, there is a lack of evidence on which risk factors, specific to the work of anesthetists and intensivists, can increase the risk of burnout, and which are useful for developing remedial health policies. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on a sample of 300 professionals recruited from AAROI-EMAC subscribers in Italy. Data collection instruments were a questionnaire on demographic, education, job characteristics and well-being, the Maslach Burnout Inventory Tool, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Symptom Checklist-90-R, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale administered during refresher courses in anesthesiology. Correlations between burnout and physical and psychological symptoms were searched. Results. With respect to burnout, 29% of individuals scored at high risk on emotional exhaustion, followed by 36% at moderate-high risk. Depersonalization high and moderate-high risk were scored by 18.7% and 34.3% of individuals, respectively. Burnout personal accomplishment was scored by 34.7% of respondents. The highest mean scores of burnout dimensions were related to dissatisfaction with one's career, conflicting relationships with surgeons, and, finally, difficulty in explaining one's work to patients. Conclusions. Burnout rates in Italian anesthesiologists and intensivists have been worrying since before the COVID-19 pandemic. Anesthesiologists with higher levels of alexithymia are more at risk for burnout. It is therefore necessary to take urgent health policy measures..

Creativity as a mediator between personal accomplishment and task performance: A multigroup analysis based on gender during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not only a health crisis but also a social crisis that affects all people and all parts of society from various perspectives. Effective management of the emotional and psychosocial effects of the pandemic is a critical issue for individuals and societies. In this study, the mediating role of creativity on the relationship between personal accomplishment and task performance was examined during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, a gender-based comparison analysis was performed to extend the analysis results. Survey-based research data were collected from 322 people working in different sectors. Partial least squares-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze research data. The results indicated that personal accomplishment had a significant positive effect on both creativity and task performance. Also, it was found that creativity had a mediating role in the relationship between personal accomplishment and task performance. Lastly, the gender-based multigroup analysis (MGA) revealed a significant difference between male and female participants with respect to the relationship between personal accomplishment and task performance, between creativity and task performance, between personal accomplishment and task performance through creativity.

The contribution of spiritual well-being to the self-efficacy, resilience, and burnout of substance use disorder counselors

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between spiritual well-being and burnout, examining general self-efficacy and resilience as mediators of this relationship among substance use disorder (SUD) counselors. Data were collected in September through October of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Seven hundred and fourteen SUD counselors across the United States completed a web-based survey including four instruments: the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Connor-Davison Resilience Scale 10 (CD-RISC 10), the Maslach Burnout Inventory?Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), and a demographic questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the relationships among the variables. Spiritual well-being was a statistically significant predictor of general self-efficacy, resilience, and burnout. General self-efficacy was not a significant predictor of burnout. Resilience was found to be a statistically significant partial mediator of the relationship between spiritual well-being and burnout. Limitations and recommendations for future research on spiritual well-being and burnout among SUD counselors were discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Burnout syndrome in Nova Scotia dental hygienists during the COVID-19 pandemic: Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Background: Burnout syndrome is the result of prolonged occupational stress. The syndrome has 3 dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced personal accomplishment (PA). This study aimed to examine the prevalence of the 3 dimensions of burnout in dental hygienists in Nova Scotia, Canada, (N = 745) as they returned to work during the COVID-19 pandemic following a furlough; to explore the effect of burnout during COVID-19 on dental hygienists' professional lives; and to determine the tools and methods that dental hygienists use to overcome burnout. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were asked to complete an anonymous survey inclusive of demographic information, employment characteristics, the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS [MP]), and 2 open-ended questions. Results: The response rate was 34.9% (n = 260). Approximately one-third (36.2%) of respondents met the criteria for burnout. Contributors to burnout were time, providing dental hygiene care, expectations of dentists, physical and mental health, lack of autonomy, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Reported mechanisms to overcome occupational stress centred on work-life balance, social support networks, working in a positive environment, and physical activity. Discussion: This study took place during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have influenced the rate of burnout among dental hygienists, particularly within the EE domain where scores were twice as high as those reported in pre-COVID-19 studies. Conclusion: Dental hygienists may be at risk for burnout. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of burnout and implementing healthy behaviours may reduce its detrimental effects.

Contexte: La prolongation du stress professionnel entraîne le syndrome de l'épuisement professionnel. Le syndrome comporte 3 volets : l'épuisement émotionnel (ÉÉ), la dépersonnalisation (DP) et la diminution de l'épanouissement personnel (ÉP). La présente étude visait à examiner la prévalence des 3 volets de l'épuisement professionnel chez les hygiénistes dentaires en Nouvelle-Écosse, Canada, (N = 745) à leur retour au travail après avoir eu un congé pendant la pandémie de la COVID-19; à explorer l'effet de l'épuisement professionnel sur la vie professionnelle des hygiénistes dentaires pendant la COVID-19; et à établir quels outils et méthodes les hygiénistes dentaires utilisent pour remédier à l'épuisement professionnel. Méthodologie: Les participants ont été invités à répondre à un sondage anonyme pour cette étude transversale, comprenant les données démographiques, les caractéristiques d'emploi, le sondage Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services pour le personnel médical (MBI-HSS [PM]) et 2 questions ouvertes. Résultats: Le taux de réponse était de 34,9 % (n = 260). Environ le tiers (36,9 %) des répondants a satisfait aux critères de l'épuisement professionnel. Les facteurs qui y ont contribué étaient le temps, la prestation de soins d'hygiène dentaire, les attentes des dentistes, la santé physique et mentale, le manque d'autonomie et la pandémie de la COVID-19. La conciliation travail­vie personnelle, les réseaux de soutien social, travailler dans un environnement positif et l'activité physique étaient cités comme mécanismes qui permettent de surmonter le stress professionnel. Discussion: Cette étude a été effectuée pendant la première vague de la pandémie de la COVID-19, ce qui peut avoir influencé le taux d'épuisement professionnel chez les hygiénistes dentaires, particulièrement en matière d'ÉÉ où les cotes étaient 2 fois plus élevées que celles signalées dans les études d'avant la COVID-19. Conclusion: Les hygiénistes dentaires peuvent être à risque d'épuisement professionnel. Reconnaître les signes et les symptômes de l'épuisement professionnel et mettre en œuvre des comportements sains peuvent réduire ses effets adverses.

Job burnout: An examination of outpatient clinics

The purpose of this study was to examine job burnout of medical providers in outpatient clinics. Job burnout is a psychological syndrome resulting from job interpersonal stressors;it is measured using three dimensions: (1) emotional exhaustion-feelings of being emotionally overextended and exhausted by one's work, (2) depersonalization-a unfeeling and impersonal response toward patients, and (3) personal accomplishment-feelings of competence and achievement in one's work (Maslach & Jackson, 2020). Using a convenience sample, healthcare providers in Southern Nevada were asked to participate. The study was approved by the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Internal Review Board (IRB). After an initial Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS (MP)) was administered virtually (due to COVID-19), healthcare providers were presented with a job burnout educational in-service regarding how to identify and define job burnout, a summary of research and findings regarding employee stress, information of when to seek help, and a discussion of how job burnout affects patient care. After a 60-day period, the MBI-HSS (MP) was re-administered, voluntarily, to the same employees. This project's aim was to improve job burnout subscale scores in a 60-day period using a job burnout educational intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The Health-Sustaining, Moderating, and Mediating Roles of Sense of Coherence in the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Burnout among South African Teachers.

The current study focuses on the interrelationship between fear of COVID-19, sense of coherence, and burnout. Participants (n = 355) were school teachers from across all provinces in South Africa who completed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Sense of Coherence Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. It was hypothesized that the dimensions of sense of coherence would be directly associated with burnout and would also mediate or moderate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and burnout. The results of the path and moderation analyses conducted confirmed this hypothesis. In particular, the health-sustaining role of sense of coherence was demonstrated through the significant direct associations between comprehensibility and manageability on one hand and emotional exhaustion, as well as depersonalization, on the other hand. In addition, meaningfulness had significant direct associations with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Meaningfulness mediated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and all burnout subscales, while comprehensibility and manageability only mediated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. However, comprehensibility and manageability played a moderating role in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and personal accomplishment. These findings confirm the crucial role of protective factors, such as sense of coherence, and highlights the need for interventions that could strengthen these resources within teachers.

Influencing factors of burnout and its dimensions among mental health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

AIM: To examine the demographic and work characteristics of mental health workers associated with burnout during the COVID-19 epidemic and to examine the relationship between burnout and humanistic care ability. DESIGN: Online cross-sectional design. METHODS: 270 mental health workers in Chongqing, China, were recruited via WeChat from 1 to 31 December 2020. Online self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by t-tests and one-way analyses of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health workers had a high prevalence of burnout and a low level of humanistic care ability. Work factors including profession, work shift, work pressure, work-family conflict, practice environment satisfaction, salary satisfaction, and humanistic care ability were significantly associated with burnout and its subdimension.

Impact of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Service on Burnout Development in Eight Intensive Care Units. A National Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at investigating the effects of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) service on Burnout syndrome (BOS) development in the intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN: The authors conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTINGS: Eight ICUs within 5 tertiary hospitals in 1 country. PARTICIPANTS: Intensive care practitioners (nurses, physicians, and respiratory therapists). INTERVENTION: Using an online questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel. In addition, demographic variables, workload, salary satisfaction, and caring for COVID-19 patients were assessed. Participants were divided based on working in an ICU with ECMO (ECMO-ICU) and without (non-ECMO-ICU) ECMO service, and burnout status (burnout and no burnout). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The response rate for completing the questionnaire was 36.4% (445/1,222). Male patients represented 53.7% of the participants. The overall prevalence of burnout was 64.5%. The overall burnout prevalence did not differ between ECMO- and non-ECMO-ICU groups (64.5% and 63.7, respectively). However, personal accomplishment (PA) score was significantly lower among ECMO-ICU personnel compared with those in a non-ECMO-ICU (42.7% v 52.6, p = 0.043). Significant predictors of burnout included profession (nurse or physician), acquiring COVID-19 infection, knowing other practitioners who were infected with COVID-19, salary dissatisfaction, and extremes of workload. CONCLUSION: Burnout was equally prevalent among participants from ECMO- and non-ECMO-ICU, but PA was lower among participants in the ICU with an ECMO service. The reported high prevalence of burnout, and its predictors, requires special attention to try to reduce its occurrence.

Predictors of Burnout in Hospital Health Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea.

This study aimed to identify the factors that influence the components of burnout-emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA)-among hospital health workers, including doctors and nurses, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed 200 healthcare workers' responses to the Employee Health Promotion Survey conducted at a general hospital in Seoul with over 200 hospital beds. The questionnaire included items about COVID-19-related burnout and its influencing factors. We performed three different multiple regression analyses using EE, DP, and PA as the dependent variables. The results show that sex, marital status, workload of treating suspected COVID-19 patients, fear of COVID-19 infection, anxiety, and depression predicted EE. The predictors of DP were job category, consecutive months of work in the current department, satisfaction with work environment, anxiety, and depression. The predictors of PA were the workload of directly interacting with patients, socioeconomic status, and job stress. For EE and DP, burnout was found to be worse in doctors and nurses than in other health workers; moreover, burnout was worse among nurses than among doctors across all three aspects of burnout. The findings can be used to establish tailored policies to address each burnout component.

Medical Staff Work Burnout and Willingness to Work during COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in Pakistan.

Medical staff is vital for helping society through a health crisis, human-made or natural disaster, and pandemic. This study aims to investigate the medical staff's work-related burnout during Covid-19 and their willingness to work when they are most needed. The cross-sectional design was used, and an online survey was conducted through snowball sampling. Sample comprised on 250 participants (male = 89 & female= 161). The study's inclusion criteria were that only those medical staff of different hospitals was approached to collect data performed inwards isolated for Covid-19 treatment corona isolation wards. Maslach burnout inventory (MBI-HSS) and willingness to work (WTW) tools were used to collect data. Descriptive and Partial least square analysis was utilized to evaluate the relationships. The Coefficient of determination or R-Square value was 0.299, which means 29.9% or 30% of the work burnout variation was due to the impact of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment. Perceived danger, Role Competence, Self-Efficacy, and Sense of duty significantly impacted the willingness to work. Despite the workload and perceived risk, 42.6% of participants agreed to work if their department had to need their services, while 55.2% of participants agreed to work whether their department asked them or not. Government and hospital management should adopt a proactive and positive response during the pandemic to eradicate the employee stress and adopt adequate steps to improve the willingness to work with medical staff.